高体积比SiC_p/6013Al复合材料反应熔渗制备与热学性能

采用反应熔渗法在低压力下制备高体积比SiCp/Al复合材料 ,并研究其热学性能。临界熔渗压力与SiC颗粒尺寸及反应程度有关。Al熔体在无压或低压力下能渗入SiC预成形坯 ,制备出组织均匀的高体积比SiCp/Al复合材料 ,SiC颗粒体积分数约 5 0 %。界面反应对SiCp/Al复合材料的CTE的影响很小 ,但会降低SiC/Al的界面传热系数 ,影响材料的导热性能。降低熔渗温度和缩短保温时间可缓减界面反应程度 ,提高复合材料的热学性能 ,CTE在 10× 10 - 6 /K以下 ,复合材料的导热系数达到 164(W·m- 1 ·K- 1 )。     

La/Al基累托石矿物材料的研究

在室温条件下,用取代法和共聚法配制稳定的La/A l二元聚合阳离子,用该聚合阳离子柱撑累托石,其柱撑材料的热稳定性达到500℃以上。柱化剂的制备方法和La/A l的摩尔比对La/A l基柱撑粘土矿物材料的热稳定性均有影响。在La/A l的比例为1∶9时,通过共聚法和取代法制备的La/A l柱化剂其结构最稳定。根据探针成分分析,探讨La/A l基柱撑粘土矿物材料的微结构特征。     

基于概率神经网络的自行火炮发动机状态监控系统

为有效发挥自行火炮发动机效率,减少对发动机寿命的影响,建立了自行火炮发动机状态监控模型。分析了概率神经网络结构和训练算法,以某型底盘所采用的12150L型发动机为例,选取发动机状态监控有效性指标,通过多种状态数据的引入和量化,评测发动机实时工作情况。结果表明:该模型能成功对故障进行分类,分类速度快,能有效进行自行火炮发动机状态监控,进一步提高状态监控准确率和实用程度。     

Mg与MgO对Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的影响

用液态复合方法制造Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究Mg与MgO对改善增强颗粒与基体润湿性的作用。结果表明,在830℃下,镁对增强体颗粒Al2O3/基体润湿性的改善随着基体中镁含量的提高而提高,表现为复合材料中能加入的Al2O3颗粒增加。MgO具有改善增强体颗粒Al2O3/基体润湿性的作用。αAl2O3颗粒与MgO颗粒之间是界面相MgAl2O4,MgAl2O4呈条块状分布在界面处,厚度约为100nm。     

Stimulating the anaerobic biodegradation of explosives by the addition of hydrogen or electron donors that produce hydrogen

The anaerobic biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by a methanogenic mixed culture was investigated. Microcosms containing a basal medium and the mixed culture were amended with ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), butyrate or hydrogen gas as the electron donor and a mixture of TNT (50 microM), RDX (25 microM), and HMX (8 microM). After 29 days TNT and RDX were completely transformed to unidentified endproducts in the bottles amended with ethanol, hydrogen, or PG, while 53%, 40%, and 22% of the HMX was transformed, respectively. There was no loss of RDX or HMX in the electron donor unamended control bottles. The ethanol and PG were transformed to near stoichiometric amounts of acetate and propionate, suggesting the immediate electron donor supporting the transformation of the explosives was the H2 evolved during the metabolism of the parent substrate. Our findings suggest that the addition of H2 or electron donors that produce H2 may be a useful strategy for enhancing the anaerobic biodegradation of explosives in contaminated groundwater and soils.     

Influence of aging on phosphorus sorption to alum floc in lake water

Alum is often added to eutrophic lakes to limit the release of phosphorus from sediments. This study quantified the effect of age and extent of crystallization on the phosphate (PO4-P) sorption capacity of alum floc. Aluminum hydroxide flocs were formed from alum addition at a dose of 25 mg/L of Al3+ to Big Bear Lake waters returned to the laboratory; flocs were then aged for 4, 20, 50, 120, and 180 days in the treated lake waters. The physical and mineralogical properties of the alum floc were characterized using surface area and thermal analyses. Phosphate sorption to the floc was evaluated using filtered lake water and NaCl/NaHCO3 solutions spiked with PO4-P concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mg/L. The Langmuir model provided reasonable fits to data (r2 = 0.97-1.00), from which sorption constants and sorption maxima were determined. Phosphate sorption decreased with increased floc age and crystallinity and decreased surface area. Phosphate sorption maximum of the alum floc aged for 6 months was about 50% lower than freshly precipitated floc, while the binding constant, Kads, decreased approximately 65% over this same time period.     

Removing low ppb level perchlorate, RDX, and HMX from groundwater with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) pre-loaded activated carbon

Perchlorate contaminates vast amounts of groundwater throughout the United States which could potentially be used as potable water. Activated carbon pre-loaded with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride has been shown in this research to be an effective adsorbent for removing perchlorate from three low conductivity (50-66 microS/cm) groundwaters containing perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) concentrations of 0.85, 1.0, and 5.6 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. In rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs), the virgin granular activated carbon (GAC) (used as a control) treated between 20,000 and 40,000 bed volumes (BV) of water. In contrast, the activated carbon that was pre-loaded with CTAC processed 170,000-270,000 BV before perchlorate was detected above 0.25 ppb in the effluent. Though this pre-loading significantly increased the capacity for perchlorate, it also diminished the GAC's capacity to remove organics. The groundwater containing 1 ppb ClO(4)(-) also contained the nitro-organics HMX (0.6 ppb) and RDX (5.5-6.6 ppb). RDX was detected in the effluent from the CTAC-pre-loaded bed after only 8000 BV had been processed whereas 308,000 BV could be processed through the virgin bed before RDX was detected. Likewise, HMX breakthrough was observed after 116,000 BV in the CTAC-pre-loaded bed while the virgin RSSCT exhibited no breakthrough of HMX during a test that was operated for 309,000 BV. However, by combining a CTAC-pre-loaded bed followed by a virgin GAC bed in series, both perchlorate and RDX could be removed for the same length of time.     

Dissolved organic matter, aluminium and iron interactions: precipitation induced by metal/carbon ratio, pH and competition

To better understand the precipitation behaviour of dissolved organic matter induced by interactions with metals, a systematic titration experiment was conducted mimicking the soil solution conditions in an acidic, sandy soil. The variables of interest included the type of metal species (Al, Fe), the redox state [Fe(II), Fe(III)], the pH (3.5, 4.0, 4.5), the metal to organic carbon (M/C) ratio and the competition between Al and Fe. Precipitation of DOM–Al appeared to be strongly correlated with M/C ratio and the pH. For Fe(II) only little precipitation occurred, while the strongest flocculation degree was found after addition of Fe(III). In contrast to Al, hardly any correlation between DOM–Fe precipitation and pH was observed. Both reduction and oxidation of Fe was found and exhibited a strong effect on the precipitated amounts of DOM and Fe. In competition, Al determined the precipitation behaviour at lower M/C ratios (<0.10), while at higher M/C ratios Fe determined the flocculation. Below a M/C ratio of 0.06 Al was the dominant metal in the precipitates, especially at lower pH levels, while the opposite trend was found at M/C ratios above 0.06. Overall, Fe(III) gave the strongest flocculation, although Al influenced the impact of Fe(III) interactions with DOM in relation to pH and M/C ratio.     

Ru/Al2O3催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯活性研究

系统地考察了Ru/Al2O3催化剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)溶液臭氧氧化过程的影响.结果表明Ru/Al2O3可以显著提高臭氧氧化的效果,反应120 min后对TOC的去除率可以由单独臭氧氧化的23.9%提高到71.6%.在试验考察的范围内,Ru的最佳负载量为0.1%;BET和XRD分析表明焙烧温度在600℃、催化剂粒径为0.5～1.0 mm时催化剂载体主要以γ-Al2O3形式存在,得到的催化剂具有较大的表面积、较多的表面活性位点,此时催化臭氧氧化的活性最高.通过单独臭氧氧化,单独臭氧氧化后再进行催化剂吸附,催化臭氧氧化的对比试验证明了Al2O3催化剂对体系TOC的去除主要是基于催化作用.     

热处理工艺对Al/Cu双金属复合界面的影响

采用POLYVAR-MET型金相显微镜、带有GENESIS60S能谱仪的Sirion200场发射扫描电镜对经高温和低温退火处理的Al/Cu双金属复合界面组织进行观察分析,研究热处理工艺对界面组织及扩散层厚度的影响规律,并进一步通过冷轧实验研究扩散层厚度与界面结合强度的关系,获得综合满足材料结合强度和成型性能的热处理工艺。结果表明:高温退火处理的Al/Cu复合试样难以实现稳定的塑性成型,低温退火处理能使界面结合牢固,冷变形塑性好;Al/Cu双金属复合材料的界面扩散结合层厚度的最佳范围为1.2~3.5μm;最佳工艺为低温退火加热到300~350℃,保温45~60 min。